The World Of Segregation Crises `` Battle Royal `` By...

World of Challenges In the world of segregation crises â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison is about a boy who just finished high school years and receives an invitation to present his valedictorian speech to the wealthy white men in town. Ellison’s protagonist reminisces about his naive life, 20 years before when the story was published in 1947. He grew up in the deep south of America in a town where prejudicism and racism was prominent. During this time the South is segregated because of the Jim Crow Law. The story shows the conflict between the races of black society and white society back in the early 1900s when segregation laws was in place. As I was reading the story I can see clearly that the battle the African-Americans are fighting for, are both mentally and physically. â€Å"Battle Royal† helps us understand the struggle of a young black man who is trying to survive in a society where white people are dominant over the lives of the black people. The you ng man is feels conflicted on how to live a life that is successful and prosperous in life. He is torn between his grandfather’s last words of advice and the wishes of the white society in which he longs to please but because of the lack of equality between black and white in the setting he is unsuccessful in achieving anything. The story occurs in the early 1900s, between the Great Depression and World War II, and it set in the deep South where â€Å"Jim Crow Laws† is in place. Though slavery was abolished, racism is presentShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageshad moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United States. As the manager of an electric company and owner of a ranch and mines, Jim expressed contempt for black Americans who continued to submit to segregation and live in poverty. Langston Hughes, 1933 (Library of Congress) Langston was not ashamed of being a black American. He had already written poems celebrating his heritage. He felt connected to the oppressed brown people of the world and hated his father for mistreating

Comparison of Ddc and Lc Scheme - 1038 Words

INTRODUCTION Dewey decimal classification and Library of Congress Classification are the two most widely used classification schemes and both are very effective tools for organizing materials in public and academic libraries Singh (2011) states that the Dewey decimal classification scheme is a system of library classification that classifies all topics, knowledge and information into ten main classes numbered from 000 to 900, which together cover the entire world of knowledge. These ten classes are further divided into ten divisions which are also divided into ten sections. The system has value because of its well-defined categories, well-developed hierarchies, and rich network of relationships among topics, worldwide use, and†¦show more content†¦It is an example of a pure notation, using only Arabic numerals and thus there is no confusion about which type of symbol to be cited first. LCC uses a mixed notation whereby main classes and their major sections are represented by letters, with Arabic numerals used to represent divisions within those classes and sections. Batley (2005) states that unlike other schemes LCC is not based on theories of classification or the organization of knowledge. It was devised as a practical tool to classify the US National Library collection and was not originally intended to be adopted by other libraries. As a consequence of its purely practical purpose, no attempt was made to create an elegant or logical structure. LCC is not so much an embodiment of knowledge, more a detailed topic listing. This means that, unlike in the case of DDC, there is no advantage to be gained from learning the structure of the scheme by using the print version. Whereas the DDC groups the books into 10 classes, the LC classifies them into subgroups or subdivisions The library of congress differs from the Dewey decimal system in its use of letters instead of numbers. DDC class numbers can be abridged at many levels to fit different sized collections, LCC notation cannot easily be abridged (except to cut back to the initial 1-3 letters) DDC has 4 volumes in full edition, 1 volume abridged edition, full and abridged web versions and is used by a wide range of sizes and types of libraries in 138Show MoreRelatedComparison of Ddc and Lc Scheme1038 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Dewey decimal classification and Library of Congress Classification are the two most widely used classification schemes and both are very effective tools for organizing materials in public and academic libraries Singh (2011) states that the Dewey decimal classification scheme is a system of library classification that classifies all topics, knowledge and information into ten main classes numbered from 000 to 900, which together cover the entire world of knowledge. These ten classes

Spunk Kill and Story Free Essays

Brianna Walton English 101 What Goes Around Comes Around Men’s role in the eyes of society is to be the head of the house, to provide for the family, and to be physically and mentally strong. They are taught not to show their emotions but to bury them. Society has taught us that the aggressive man will run the bigger business, make more money, eventually have a more successful life. We will write a custom essay sample on Spunk: Kill and Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now Men who tend to be soft spoken and timid are looked at as weak in the eyes of others as well as in society. In Zora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"Spunk,† there is a conflict between Joe and Spunk. Spunk is having relations with Lena, Joe’s wife. Joe seeks revenge and Spunk kills him. Ultimately Spunk is killed supposedly by Joe’s evil spirit. The language captures the tone in the story, which strengthens the saying â€Å"what goes around comes around†. Spunk is looked at as the town’s hero because he is not afraid of anything and he is physically strong, when in all actuality he should not be glorified by the town’s people because he is nothing but a bully. Joe is the exact opposite of Spunk, he is physically weak but mentally strong. The purpose of this story is to show that the physically bigger male doesn’t always win. Karma is always out looking for revenge and eventually the man that has spunk will be shown. Spunk is first introduced as a giant brown-skinned man that’s known for his bravery. The town’s people rejoice as they see him even though he is walking arm and arm with someone else’s wife. He is seen as the â€Å"ideal† male because he is strong and brave. Joe’s introduction is completely different. He is immediately looked at as weak by the town’s people because at the mention of his wife you could see the pain he was suffering in his eyes, his face, his hands, and even the dejected slump of his shoulders showed the pain he was suffering from the absence of his wife. It is obvious that Joe is not respected by his peers. Joe pulls out the razor to show them that he plans on killing Spunk, they don’t believe that he has what it takes to kill Spunk. They even go as far as laughing boisterously behind his back as they watched him go into the woods. The overall tone used in â€Å"Spunk† is seriousness and irony. The serious tone is shown when its seen that Joe’s wife is having a public affair: â€Å"Now Joe knew his wife had passed that way. He knew that the men lounging in the general store had seen her, moreover, he know that the men knew he knew. † This means Hurston uses this conflict to create a serious tone in the story. Moreover, a bigger conflict with Joe and Spunk occurs: â€Å"Joe came out there wid a meat axe an’ made me kill him. This also sets up a serious tone. Hurston uses this conflict to fuel the next part of the tone in the story. There is also ironic tone in the story † But Spunk says twan’t no bob-cat nohow. He says it was Joe done sneaked back from hell! † The author sets this tone up by making the story supernatural and spiritual. The mood in the story that seemed to arise was anger. The first part of the anger is towards Lena. â€Å"Lena looked at him real d isgusted but she don’t answer and she don’t move outa her tracks. She was cheating on her husband in public. She should have divorced him or fully left Joe, instead of mistreating and humiliating him in public. The second part of the anger is towards Joe. â€Å"One could actually see the pain he was suffering, his eyes, his face, his hands, and even the dejected slump of his shoulders. † The reader wonders why Joe let Lena and Spunk make a fool out of him. For that, the reader is angry at Joe’s timid personality. In â€Å"Spunk,† Hurston uses a series of language devices. The allusion element is vividly used: â€Å"Joe came out there wid a meat axe an made me kill him. He sent Lena home and led the men back to Joe-crumpled and limp with is right hand still clutching his razor. † Hurston sets Spunk up to be an over-exaggerator in the story without saying he is. The author also uses the conversation between the Elijah and Walter to exhibit the distinctive dialogue: â€Å"Ah like him fine but tain’t right the way he carries on wid Lena Kanty, jus’ ’cause Joe’s timid about fightin’. This form of down south olden’ days slang give a different edge to the story, that the reader does not experience in modern day. The story displays a dramatic irony: â€Å"It was Joe, â€Å"Lige that dirty sneak shoved me†¦ he didn’t dare come to mah face†¦ † This makes the reader say isn’t that ironic. Hurston displays Spunk to be the bad guy he is that killed the good guy, then is killed. In th e beginning of the story an allusion is presented to the reader: † Looka theah folks! cried Elijah Mosley, slapping his knee gleefully. ‘Theah they go, big as life an’ brassy as tacks. † This gives the reader the conception that there is going to be some drama in the story. The dialogue in this story establishes realism: â€Å"Gimme some soda water. Sass’prilla, Ah Reckon. † The dialect shows the reader the setting is probably during the days when blacks did not have an education or wasn’t really allowed to get educated. The dramatic irony enriches and evokes the central idea: â€Å"If spirits kin fight, there’s a powerful tussle goin’ on somewhere ovah Jordan, cause Ah b’leeve Joe’s ready for Spunk an’aint skeered of anymore†¦ Karma gave the illusion that Joe returned and killed Spunk. However Spunk’s guiltiness about killing Joe led him to his fate. The dominant element of â€Å"Spunkâ⠂¬  is the central idea, karma. Hurston exhibits karma: † He pushed me ‘Lige-the dirty hound pushed me in the back! † Spunk Banks was claiming Joe Kanty’s evil spirit kill him. Spunk took Joe’s wife and killed him, nevertheless Spunk died. This is a classic case of what goes around comes around. How to cite Spunk: Kill and Story, Essay examples

Wireless Networks and Security

Question: Discuss about the Wireless Networks and Security. Answer: Introduction Wireless Cloud Computing or Cloud Computing is the next big thing that is happening in the IT industry currently. Cloud Computing can help any company to analyze huge data and also helps them to store the data. The data that is stored over the cloud is non-contagious. Cloud Computing offers verities of services like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS [3]. All are unique in their own way and offers features for different purposes. Cloud Computing can be achieved by two ways that either by Service Providers or installing a system in own firm. In order to have efficient data management services, it should be scalable and elastic. There are many companies that provide cloud services like Google, Amazon, Cisco and many more [2]. The main advantage of using cloud computing is that it can be accessed from any part of the world and the security that is offered by the cloud technologies are also quite superior that is no unauthorized access is allowed. The following article discusses about the Wireless Cloud Computing and how it managed to make its way through various developments in the technological areas. Architecture and Standards Wireless Network Cloud or WNC is technology that can be used for the next generation of wireless access networks. The system makes uses the emerging cloud technology which further involves wireless infrastructure like IT based Software Defined Radio or (SDR) technology and also contain Remote Radio Head (RRH) technology. Wireless Network Cloud helps in by changing the existing wireless communication infrastructure and integrating it with multi core processors, provides high speed transmission of data, virtualization and also cloud computing [1]. The radio frequencies which were previously generated by incompatible RAN base will now be generated with the help of software. Different standards will now have supports for different software with the help of software upgrades. This method will help the telecom operators to reduce the construction cost as well as help them to utilize the resources too. With the help of sharing processing capabilities that will set a link between virtualized base station and it can be further used to reduce interference between base stations and will also help in improving the network coverage [2]. The main aim of having cloud architecture is to provide the users with high bandwidth which allows them to have unlimited access to data and applications and cloud computing also offers efficient working which allows them to switch between servers and even between clouds and more importantly it gives network security [5]. There are various cloud based services are available which have their own unique features which makes them stand alone from the rest. The first is the SaaS or Software as a Service which generally involves the software hosted part over the internet and with SaaS; users do not have to install the software locally as it can be installed over the cloud. The second is the PaaS or Platform as a Service which helps uses with application platforms and includes the databases which mainly work like middleware services. The third is the IaaS or Infrastructure as a Service which offers infrastructure and hardware for servers, networks, storage devices and many more [6]. Opportunities and Challenges Wireless cloud computing is the next big thing that is currently happening in the information technology sector. The data that are stored are non contiguous and in order to store the data, first the data needs to be organized and later it can be analyzed and process [1]. In order to have efficient data management services, it should be scalable and elastic. Opportunities Wireless Cloud computing has many opportunities as it is slowly evolving and is being adopted by many organizations. Health Care Organizations are also implementing this cloud services within their organization which helps them to get significant level of comfort for their organizational operations which helps them for effective monitoring of many parts of the organization and with this less resources are being utilized [4]. They need to analyze and process huge data and wireless cloud services which helps them to achieve this as with cloud computing it becomes very cloud cost efficient and also helps them to store and process large amounts of data. Using wireless cloud computing also helps them to get over the security challenges as Health Care Organizations has got some very sensitive data which needs real protection. Wireless Cloud Computing also helps many companies to store their data over the cloud and also helps them to access it from anywhere [8]. Challenges With the rise of Cloud Computing, there are many challenges that is facing. Some challenges may be mediocre and some are really alarming. The main challenge that Cloud Computing faces is that of the security issues as many companies have shifted to cloud computing technology so it is really important that the security with cloud computing should be enhanced so that there is no data leak and also one cannot access the data without proper authorization [10]. Examples and Case Studies Examples of Wireless Cloud Computing include the Amazon EC2, Google App Engine, Google Apps and Microsoft Office Online and Apple iCloud [2]. Case Studies There has been a major shift when City of Los Angeles migrated on using Google Mail. This migration includes around seventeen thousand users. The main reason of this shift is due to the fact that Google Gmail provides cloud based features in their mailing system which helps them to keep their data much secured [9]. Easyjet also shifted its organization on using cloud computing in order to lower the cost and by doing so; they saw a growth in their business. Easyjet is quite familiar with outsourcing which greatly benefits the company on using cloud computing. By using cloud services, their main aim was to transfer all their sensitive data over the cloud. D-Link is quite famous when it comes on making network related products. D-Link also shifted to cloud computing by moving their vast majority of non-ERP application to the cloud which helped them to improve their enterprise and also helped them to tackle more efficiently with the risk management and also significantly decreased the IT costs. The biggest benefit that the company saw on moving to cloud computing is that many IT organizations responded on their move and from which they made huge success [12]. Sanimax is also an example in which a small or medium sized business is using the hybrid cloud services. Sanimax is gradually implementing SaaS in their systems which help them to install every application over the cloud and not locally which helps every member of their company to use directly these features. Sanimax also uses ERP as its cloud service when it was launched. This shift has helped them to shift from capital to operational costs and also gave them the feature to scale up and down as per their needs [11]. Any other Key Relevant Information Wireless cloud computing helps the companies to store large amount of data over the cloud which makes possible for the analysis of these data much easier. It also helps in retrieving the data and the data that is stored will automatically generate a backup file so that even during any disaster, it can be retrieved. Another advantage of having wireless technology is that it can be accessed from any part wirelessly [7]. Conclusion Wireless Cloud Computing is gradually pacing its steps as the most influential technologies that can happen in the IT industry and is making a ground breaking attempts to show how IT resources are managed and utilized. With the help of Wireless Cloud Computing, many businesses can adapt to this without paying huge sum of money in the beginning and this helps the company to flourish more. However there are still some drawbacks which limit the users on using it and the main is the security issue as cloud computing aims to provide large storage of data which the company can use to store their sensitive data. But they fear of losing the data as there are many security holes that are present in the cloud computing. Cloud computing also aims to provide virtualization which helps the companies to get a clear picture about the company so that they can take steps accordingly. Cloud computing is developing rapidly and a great promising future prospect. With this, companies can also meet new ch allenges and enhance their plans. As well as, the security of cloud computing is not only technical but also includes standardization, supervising models, laws and regulations and also contains many other aspects. References [1]Cai, Yegui, F. Richard Yu, and Shengrong Bu. "Cloud computing meets mobile wireless communications in next generation cellular networks."IEEE Networkvol. 28, no. 6, pp. 54-59, 2014 [2]Chen, Min, et al. "Cloud-based wireless network: Virtualized, reconfigurable, smart wireless network to enable 5G technologies."Mobile Networks and Applicationsvol. 20, no. 6, pp. 704-712, 2015 [3]Dinh, Hoang T., et al. "A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches."Wireless communications and mobile computingvol. 13, no.18, pp. 1587-1611, 2013 [4]Lei, Lei, et al. "Challenges on wireless heterogeneous networks for mobile cloud computing."IEEE Wireless Communicationsvol. 20, no. 3, pp. 34-44, 2013 [5]Li, Wenzhong, et al. "Mechanisms and challenges on mobility-augmented service provisioning for mobile cloud computing."IEEE Communications Magazinevol. 53, no.3, pp. 89-97, 2015 [6]Liang, Chengchao, and F. Richard Yu. "Wireless network virtualization: A survey, some research issues and challenges."IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorialsvol. 17, no.1, pp. 358-380, 2015 [7]Lei, Lei, et al. "Challenges on wireless heterogeneous networks for mobile cloud computing."IEEE Wireless Communicationsvol. 20, no. 3, pp. 34-44, 2014 [8]Ren, Shaolei, and Mihaela van der Schaar. "Dynamic scheduling and pricing in wireless cloud computing."IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computingvol. 13, no. 10, pp. 2283-2292, 2014 [9]S. Lui, "Wireless is the 'energy monster' of cloud computing: Experts | ZDNet", ZDNet, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.zdnet.com/article/wireless-is-the-energy-monster-of-cloud-computing-experts/. [Accessed: 16- Apr- 2017]. [10]Savazzi, Stefano, Vittorio Rampa, and Umberto Spagnolini. "Wireless cloud networks for the factory of things: connectivity modeling and layout design."IEEE Internet of Things Journalvol. 1, no. 2, pp. 180-195, 2014 [11]Wan, Jiafu, et al. "Cloud-enabled wireless body area networks for pervasive healthcare."IEEE Networkvol. 27, no. 5, pp. 56-61, 2013 [12]Zhang, Weiwen, et al. "Energy-optimal mobile cloud computing under stochastic wireless channel."IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communicationsvol. 12, no. 9, pp. 4569-4581, 2013

Survey of Economics Essay Example For Students

Survey of Economics Essay Professor Thomas Andrew Lett Salem International University October 22nd, 2017 Barriers to entry into an industry or business are economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, switching costs and government policies. Some other barriers include cost disadvantages and access to distribution channels. Start up business may look to enter business with high barriers which will be hard to overcome. Economies of scale are decreasing unit costs of a product. This will force an entrant to either come in at a large or small scale. Entering at large scale would be risky as incumbents would have major reactions to it causing the entry to be a failure. Small scale entry may result in small scale disadvantages in cost. Product differentiation is where companies have established brand loyalties which in result forces entrants to have to spend mass amounts to overcome the issue. Marketing resources will be needed as the small start-up will need them to establish effective positioning. We will write a custom essay on Survey of Economics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Capital requirements are required for infrastructure, machinery, RD, and advertising. Startups can get around these financial resources by outsourcing to companies. Government policies are a major barrier as they force you to obey them. If not, fines and loss of business will be the result. Regulations are ever changing and many things require special licenses to obtain equipment or sell certain products. This makes it very hard for startups to succeed. Reference(s): Barriers to entry: factors preventing startups entry to a market. (n. d.). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.marsdd.com/mars-library/barriers-to-entry-factors-preventing-startups-from-entering-a-market/

Disneyland Resort Paris

Disneyland Resort Paris Introduction The Disneyland Paris Resort is one of the many theme parks of Disney destinations situated in different parts of the world. As the name suggests Disneyland Resort Paris is located at the outcasts of Paris the capital city of France in a place called Marne-la-Vallee. Among the numerous Disneyland Resorts, the Disney Paris resort is attributed to be the most challenging resort.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Disneyland Resort Paris specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the year 2006, the Disneyland Paris had three parks that included; the Disney land Paris, the Disney Studio Park, and the Disney village. The Disney village incorporated restaurants and stores while the Disney Paris hosted the theme park itself and the Disney Studio Park was more centered on movie making concepts (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). Factors that influenced the location of Disneyland Paris Resort Prior to its current location of Marn e-la-Vallee, at the outskirts of Paris the Disney Company had considered a number of promising and potential locations across Europe, which could be used to proposed Disney Park resort. The major countries that were under consideration were Germany, Britain, France, Spain, and Italy. After considerations and discarding of some countries off the list of contenders, the two countries that remained were France and Spain. Spain chances were boosted by its climate, which resembled that of Florida, a state in which one of the Disney resort is located. However, France carried the day after careful consideration of various factors. The availability of a suitable site that was strategically located on the outskirts of Paris was a crucial factor that was used to determine the Disney resort location. The strategic location of the proposed site as a factor was boosted by the fact that millions of people could access the proposed Disney resort in a matter of hours regardless of if one is driving or taking a flight. This therefore presented a golden opportunity to the Disney Company of tapping the vast unexploited customer base. The good infrastructure system that was coming in and going out of the proposed Disney resort site was also another crucial factor that weighed in deciding France to be the Disney resort destination of choice.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More France was about to be connected with England by a channel tunnel that was due to be opened in 1994 thus offering an additional infrastructure route that was bound to increase the customer base. In addition to this, the site connection with the rest of Europe could be facilitated by the high-speed TGV network and the French autoroutes network (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). Paris, being one of the favorite tourist and vacation destinations in the world, was bound to rhyme with the idea of a Disne y resort that related to a vacation destination in one way or the other (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). The favorable tourist turnover in the region was a motivating factor to its location in Paris. According to a research carried out, majority of citizens in France embraced the idea of a Disney park in France. In addition to this, both the national and local governments in France had gone a step further by offering financial incentives and even expropriation of land from its citizens all with an aim of facilitating smooth construction process of the Disney Park. Difficulties faced in the running of Disney Paris Challenges that faced the Disney Paris were eminent and rocked the park even on its opening date. On the opening date, the smooth opening of the park was park commuter trains’ strikes and to make the matters worse a bomb had exploded on the night to the opening date. The expected 500,000 people on the opening date were down sized to 50,000 people who attended. The protes ts from the neighboring villages on the noise arising from the park only added more woes to the just established Disney Paris. In the early days of its operations, Disney Paris recorded a low number of visitors as opposed to their expectation. The anticipation of more French visitors as compared to the visitors from other countries turned out to be nightmare for the newly constructed Disney Park in France (McGuigan, 2004, p. 69). The low attendance of guest was attributed to the protests that were conducted by the neighboring villages and the fear possess by the French citizens of losing their culture.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Disneyland Resort Paris specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, a glass of wine was vital while eating according to the French visitors but unfortunately, the Disney Paris was an alcohol-free park. In addition to this, the hotel rooms at the park were expensive with prices rangi ng from 110 380 dollars per night (Anon, 2011). The initial weeks of operations in the Disney Paris were filled with a huge number of employees’ resignations. Numerous reasons were stated regarding the resignations that were going on but majority of them were directed to the chaotic operations of the park (McGuigan, 2009, p. 45). The situation was made worse late in the same year when Europe was hit by a recession thereby making property value to drop. This situation forced EuroDisney to experience financial crisis. Reference List Anon. 2011. Case Study: The Not-So-Wonderful World of EuroDisney. Web. McGuigan, J., 2009. Cultural Analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. McGuigan, J., 2004. Rethinking cultural policy. NY: McGraw-Hill International. Sehlinger, B. and Testa, L., 2010. Unofficial Guide to Disneyland Paris. London: John Wiley and Sons.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Unity between Human and Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unity between Human and Nature - Essay Example There have been scholarly attempts and terms that come from study of nature. For instance, nature-deficit-disorder is a term, which has been coined to describe the increasing gap between nature and modern day children/adults (Louv, 42). This has caused emergence of mixed reactions where a section of world adults have spoken in tones of heartfelt emotions, others have spoken in anger tones and others have spoken out about the loss they have experienced because of the growing gap between humanity and nature. A natural world is crucial to human spirit, well-being, health, and general survival. This has been put in perspective in the Nature Principle, a book by Richard Louv which describes categorically uniting theories in addition to reconciliation of old truths (Louv, 45). The Nature Principle will therefore form part of the underpinning argument in this paper. The perspective that Nature principle proponents have adopted, seek answers to scenarios that portray people adopting and embracing dearly technological developments at the cost of nature. This has led to creation of efforts that would contribute to creation of a life-enhancing world, a real world that is not characteristic of the imaginary future but a world that humanity upholds and respects nature. To show the magnitude of humanity’s shift from nature to technological developments, research conducted in 2008 revealed that half of the world’s population resided in cities and towns. Traditional and conservative ways that embraced nature and experienced by humanity before are gradually vanishing along with the aspect of biodiversity (Louv, 42). Technological development and advancement has been embraced and believed to the core by modern day society and this portrays a venture with no limits where humanity is gradually drifting towards a circuitry sea. The world media has transformed a vast number of people into consuming creations of artificial life, combination of human DNA and bacteria; microscopic technological machines premeditated to enter human anatomies to counter biological intruders or to create and move deadly war clouds across areas experiencing conflicts and war. The issues of realities based on computerized-augmentation and futuristic household structures surrounded by virtual realities transmitted from variant walls have emerged (Louv, 44). There are a number of futurists and inventors who have tried to reverse humanity’s embrace on nature and therefore proposing that humanity should adopt technological developments and life. Ray Kurzweil an American author, inventor, scientist, and a futurist who forecasts an era of transhuman/posthuman where humanity will be enhanced optimally by technology. He has been involved in fields that include recognition of Optical character (OCR), synthesis of text-to-speech, technology on speech recognition and electronic-based key board instruments. Kurzweil has authored various books like Artificial Intelligence, futurism, and Technological singularity and these form the bases of his technological arguments (Louv, 43). Other personalities that have embraced futuristic thinking include Dick Steven of NASA who describes the post-biological universe where a large chunk of the intelligent life is budding and continues to evolve beyond the usual blood and flesh intelligence (Louv, 44). Steven is NASA’s chief historian and has been involved in numerous NASA projects in aeronautics, spaceflights, and Robots. This paper is not against the

Product Life Cycle (Response 3) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Product Life Cycle (Response 3) - Assignment Example At the next level, is the life cycle of a specific product form – iPhone 4 -- within this larger product category. Finally, is the brand product life cycle which is given an adjustable managerial approach to keep it in the market at its value. The observed trend in the case of iPhone 4 is expected because the individual brand is the focus of management’s decisions(Hunt,2010). As marketing managers observe changes in the sales of their brands like in the case of iPhone 4, particularly if sales are perceived to be declining, changes are made in one or more elements of the marketing mix. These changes are focused towards offsetting, or reversing, sales declines. If successful, the declining sales trend always corrects itself, at least for a period of time. However, sales will again eventually decline and changes will again be made to some aspect of the marketing program (Hunt,2010). It should be apparent that these ongoing decisions to change elements of marketing programs will cause the trend or sales curves for individual brands to bounce around considerably. However, because the sales curves for many brands are summed to create the life cycle for the associated product form, and the curves for multiple product forms are summed to yield the life cycle for the entire product category, these latter two curves tend to be less erratic. This explains the consistency of iPhone 4 in its

What would be the risk to society if doctors were to participate in Research Paper

What would be the risk to society if doctors were to participate in physician-assisted suicide - Research Paper Example ss negligence on their part or even a sinful act which shall deter the basis of growth and harmony across the ranks within the society (Donnelly, 1998). The doctors have to be answerable to the society for all their acts and if they commit their own selves within such domains, then there would be no one to find out the true sanctity that is related with this profession. The physician-assisted suicide is essentially an act that must be abhorred from the outset of such discussions as it disqualifies as a morally acceptable act at any cost (Gorsuch, 2006). This is much needed because it sets the basis of finding out where anomalies happen and how these could be avoided so that the essence of a true civilized society remains in tact no matter how difficult the times might become. The doctors must comprehend that their duty is much more than just healing. They have to be accountable to their conscience as

Antonio Gramscis Theory of Hegemony

Antonio Gramscis Theory of Hegemony Hegemony is the processes by which dominant culture maintains its dominant position: for example, the use of institutions to formalize power; the employment of a bureaucracy to make power seem abstract (and, therefore, not attached to any one individual); the inculcation of the populace in the ideals of the hegomonic group through education, advertising, publication, etc.; the mobilization of a police force as well as military personnel to subdue opposition. In international relations, there is a consolidated tradition that associates hegemony and world order. Nevertheless, the relation between the two variables, their interpretation, and the direction of the causal link between them, is still a matter of scholarly debate. The definition of hegemony and an empire has been hotly debated over the past few decades. Some believe hegemony is a tactic to avoid the word empire and the negative connotations that are associated with it. Others believe that a hegemony is a more technical, well thought out form of an empire. Some believe it is a lesser form of imperialism. Although one thing that is not disputed is the fact that hegemony very well is a form of dominance over a smaller, weaker nation, and no matter what one may call it, or how it may be approached, dominance will continue to flourish through the ages. Referring to the organization of the international system after the Second World War, Kindleberger argued that stensibly, the system was organized by rules and international institutions. In reality, it was led by the United States In this essay, Antonio Gramscis hegemony approach will be deeply analysed and examined and also compared and contrasted with the others approaches. GRAMSCIS THEORY OF HEGEMONY In order to understand Gramsci and the concept of hegemony, one has to look briefly at the work of Karl Marx. Marxism viewed everything in life as determined by capital. (Williams, R. 1977) The flow of money affects our relations with other people and the world surrounding us. Marx stated that everything around us, our activities and way of life is determined by economic content. According to Marxism, men find themselves born in a process independent of their will, they cannot control it, they can seek only to understand it and guide their actions accordingly. (Williams, R. 1977) The class struggle was an important part of Marxism. Marxism stated that society can only be understood in terms of a system where the dominant ideas are formulated by the ruling class to secure its control over the working class. (Williams, R. 1977) Due to exploitation, the working class will eventually try and change this situation through revolution producing its own ideas as well as its own industrial and political organization. Marxs work is highly influenced by economic reasoning. He divides this economic reasoning into two levels, being the base and superstructure. The base is composed by the material production, money, objects, the relations of production and the stage of development of productive forces. (Williams, R. 1977) The superstructure is where we find the political and ideological institutions, our social relations, set of ideas; our cultures, hopes, dreams and spirit. (Williams, R. 1977) Both the base and superstructure are shaped by capital. While one could say that Marx was primarily concerned with the base and economic issues, Gramscis work seeks to focus on the superstructure and ideologies. For Gramsci, the class struggle must always involve ideas and ideologies. These ideas would lead to a revolution and to change. Gramsci tried to build a theory which recognized the autonomy, independence and importance of culture and ideology. (Ransome, P. 1992) Gramsci took the superstructure a step further when he divided it into institutions that were coercive and those that were not. The coercive ones, were basically the public institutions such as the government, police, armed forces and the legal system which he regarded as the state or political society and the non-coercive ones were the others such as the churches, the schools, trade unions, political parties, cultural associations, clubs and family, which he regarded as civil society. (Boggs, C. 1976) So for Gramsci, society was made up of the relations of production as w ell as the state or political society and civil society. Gramsci accepted the analysis of capitalism put forward by Marx and accepted that the struggle between the ruling class and the subordinate working class was the driving force that moved society forward. (Boggs, C. 1976) Gramsci did not agree with the notion put forward by Marx that the ruling class stayed in power solely because they had economic power. He thus introduced his own concept using ideology. Ideology is the shared ideas or beliefs which serve to justify the interests of dominant groups. (Boggs, C. 1976) Gramsci felt that ideological power kept the ruling class in power because it allowed them to brainwash and manipulate the rest of society. Ideology is the cohesive force which binds people together. Ideology, like hegemony must not only express the class interests of the capitalist or working class. Gramsci insists that ideology has a material nature in the social lives of individuals, as ideologies are embedded in communal modes of living and acting. (R. Simon, 1992) This means that ideologies are embodied in the social practices of individuals and in the institutions and organizations within which these social practices take place. Ideology provides people with the rules of practical conduct and moral behavior. Ideological power stems from norms or shared understandings of how people should act morally in their relations with each other. (R. Simon, 1992) Those who monopolize ideological power have authority over others. Subordinate groups tend to accept the ideas and values of the dominant group without physical or mental influence because they know no better or there are not other alternatives. (Ransome, P. 1992) From Gramscis view, the bourgeoisie gained and maintained power due to economic domination and intellectual and moral leadership. Here, Gramsci introduced a new concept which he called hegemony. Hegemony is a set of ideas by means of which dominant groups strive to secure the consent of subordinate groups to their leadership. (Ransome, P. 1992) It occurs when dominant classes in society maintain their dominance persuading the other classes of society to accept their moral, political and cultural values. This means that the majority in a population give consent to policies and ideologies implemented by those in power. One must not assume that this consent is always willing. Those in power may combine physical force or coercion with intellectual, moral and cultural persuasion. (Ransome, P. 1 992) The dominant ideology is thus accepted, practiced and spread. Hegemony emerges out of social and class struggles and serves to shape and influence people. According to Gramsci, hegemony never disappears but is constantly changed. He describes two forms of social control. The first type is coercive control which is achieved through the use of direct force or threat of force. (Simon, R. 1992) The second type is consensual control which arises when individuals voluntarily adopt the worldview of the dominant group. (Simon, R. 1992) Gramsci says that within civil society, the dominant group exercises hegemony which is intellectual domination over the subordinate group or consensual control, whereas in political society, domination is exercised through state or juridical government or coercive control. (Gramsci, A. 1971) These functions are very much interlinked in the sense that intellectual domination is usually preceded by political domination. Social hegemony and political government are enforced historically in which the dominant group enjoys its position because of its function in the world of production and legally by state coercive power which enforces discipline on groups that do not consent. (Gramsci, A. 1971) This gives rise to a division of labor or specialization and to a whole hierarchy of qualifications. Gramsci stated that the only way the working class can achieve hegemony is if it takes into account the interests of other groups and social forces and finds ways of combining them with its own interests. (Ransome, P. 1992) In other words, the working class will need to build alliances with social minorities, taking into account their struggles against the capital class, thus strengthening the position of the working class. The labour process was at the center of the class struggle but it was the ideological struggle that had to be addressed if the mass of the people were to come to a realization that allowed them to question their political and economic rulers right to rule. Hegemony is exercised in civil society which is a tangle of class struggles and democratic struggles. (Simon, R. 1992) Hegemony in civil society must achieve leadership in the sphere of production taken up by the bourgeoisie, controlling the productive process and achieving state power. Those who have economic power have a strong link to political power and vice versa. Those who monopolize control over economic production, distribution, exchange and consumption is the dominant class which has the most power. A change in hegemony may occur when the dominant class begins to break up, creating an opportunity for the subordinate classes to merge and build up a movement capable of challenging the weakened dominant class and achieving hegemony. But, if this opportunity is not taken, then the dominant class has the opportunity to reorganize new alliances and reestablish hegemony. Hegemony goes beyond culture which is the whole social process in which people define and shape their lives. It is bases in ideology which is a system of meanings and values that expresses a particular class interest. (Simon, R. 1992) In order to create a class strong enough to have hegemony, one has to first instill a solid ideology based on specific interests that will dominate the rest of society, using the influence of capitalist relations. Gramsci felt that in order to have hegemony, ideologies have to be instilled by certain people or leaders. Gramsci identified intellectuals as leaders in society. He identified two types of intellectuals. The first is traditional intellectuals who are people that regard themselves as independent of the dominant social group and are regarded as such by the majority of the population. (Gramsci, A. 1971) The second type is the organic intellectual. This is the group that grows organically with the ruling class, and is their thinking and organizing element. (Gramsci, A. 1971) They were produced by the educational system to perform a function for the dominant social group in society. It is through this group that the ruling class maintains its hegemony over the rest of society.

The Theme of Inner Conflict in Toni Morrisons Tar Baby Essay -- Tar B

      Toni Morrison's Tar Baby, is a novel about contentions and conflicts based on learned biases and prejudices. These biases exist on a race level, gender level, and a class level. The central conflict, however, is the conflict within the main character, Jadine. This conflict, as Andrew W. A. LaVallee has suggested, is the conflict of the "race traitor."2 It is the conflict of a woman who has discarded her heritage and culture and adopted another trying to reconcile herself to the "night women" who want to bring back "the prodigal daughter."      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first of the contentions is that of race. As New York Times Book Review correspondent John Irving aptly puts it: "Miss Morrison uncovers all the stereotypical racial fears felt by whites and blacks alike." Prejudice exists between the white and black people in the house; between the black people of the house; the black people and the local populace. Sydney and Ondine Childs, the Cook and Butler in the house of Valerian Street, feel superior to the local black populace. Sydney remarks twice on how he is "A genuine Philadelphia Negro mentioned in the book of that name" (284). Part of this feeling of superiority might be class-related. The Childs' are very proud of their positions in the Street house-they are industrious and hardworking. The Dominique blacks are to them "swamp women" or "horsemen"--depersonalized figures. This is most apparent in their ignorance of their help's names--they dub Gideon, Thà ©rà ¨se, and Alma Està ©e "Yardman" an d "the Marys." At Christmas dinner Valerian adds epithets calling them "Thà ©rà ¨se the Thief and Gideon the Get Away Man." (201). But as Judylyn Ryan points out, "Both the superordinate and the subordinate exercise this prerogative of nam... ....38/.black/.bmorris.html LaVallee, Andrew W. A. "'Faces as Black as His But Smug'-The Race Traitor in Morrison's Tar Baby." Online Internet. 1 May, 1997. Available: http://ocaxp1.cc.oberlin.edu/~alavalle/morrison.html Moon, Yonghee. "Rootedness." Paraphrase. Online. Internet. 1 May. 1997. Available: http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~yongmoon/root.html Morrison, Toni. "An Interview with Toni Morrison." With Tom LeClair.Anything Can Happen: Interviews with Contemporary American Novelists. Ed. Tom LeClair and Larry McCaffery. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1983. 252-61. Ryan, Judylyn S. "Contested Visions/Double-Vision in Tar Baby." Modern Fiction Studies Volume 39. N3&4. Fall/Winter 1993. 597-621. "Toni Morrison," Contemporary Authors, Gale Research, 1993. Online. Internet. Available: http://www.en.utexas.edu/~mmaynard/Morrison/tarbaby.html