Economics Review Essay

1. Depict a portion of the exchange offs looked by every one of the accompanying: 1. a family concluding whether to purchase another vehicle 2. an individual from Congress choosing the amount to spend on national parks 3. an organization president concluding whether to open another industrial facility 4. a teacher choosing the amount to plan for class 5. an ongoing college alumni concluding whether to go to graduate school 2. You are attempting to conclude whether to get away. The vast majority of the expenses of the excursion (airfare, inn, and sworn off wages) are estimated in dollars, yet the advantages of the get-away are mental. How might you contrast the advantages with the expenses? 3. You were intending to spend Saturday working at your low maintenance work, yet a companion requests that you go skiing. What is the genuine expense of going skiing? Presently assume you had been wanting to go through the day learning at the library. What is the expense of going skiing for this situation? Clarify. 4. You win $100 in a ball pool. You have a decision between going through the cash now or taking care of it for a year in a financial balance that pays 5 percent premium. What is the open door cost of spending the $100 now? 5. The organization that you oversee has put $5 million in building up another item, however the improvement isn't exactly wrapped up. At an ongoing gathering, your sales reps report that the presentation of contending items has decreased the normal deals of your new item to $3 million. On the off chance that it would cost $1 million to complete turn of events and make the item, would it be advisable for you to feel free to do as such? What is the most that you should pay to finish improvement? 6. The Social Security framework gives salary to individuals over age 65. In the event that a beneficiary of Social Security chooses to work and gain some pay, the sum the person in question gets in Social Security benefits is regularly lessen 6. How does the arrangement of Social Security influence people’s motivator to spare while working? 7. How does the decrease in benefits related with higher profit influence people’s motivating force to work past age 65? 7. A 1996 bill impr oving the administrative government’s antipoverty programs constrained numerous government assistance beneficiaries to just two years of advantages. 8. How does this change influence the impetuses for working? 9. By what means may this change speak to an exchange off among balance and productivity? 8. Your flat mate is a superior cook than you are, however you can clean more rapidly than your flat mate can. In the event that your flat mate did all the cooking and you did all the cleaning, would your errands take you pretty much time than if you partitioned each undertaking uniformly? Give a comparable case of how specialization and exchange can make two nations both happier. 9. Clarify whether every one of the accompanying government exercises is roused by a worry about correspondence or a worry about proficiency. On account of proficiency, examine the kind of market disappointment include 10. managing satellite TV costs 11. giving some destitute individuals vouchers that can be utilized to purchase food 12. restricting smoking out in the open spots 13. separating Standard Oil (which once claimed 90 percent of all petroleum processing plants) into a few littler organizations 14. forcing higher individual personal duty rates on individuals with higher livelihoods 15. organizing laws against driving while inebriated 10. Examine every one of the accompanying explanations from the viewpoints of fairness and productivity. 16. â€Å"Everyone in the public eye ought to be ensured the best human services possible.† 17. â€Å"When laborers are laid off, they ought to have the option to gather joblessness benefits until they locate another job.† 11. In what ways is your way of life not quite the same as that of your folks or grandparents when they were your age? Why have these progressions happened? 12. Assume Americans choose to spare a greater amount of their earnings. On the off chance that ba nks loan this additional sparing to organizations, which utilize the assets to manufacture new industrial facilities, by what method may this lead to quicker development in efficiency? Who do you guess profits by the higher profitability? Is society getting a free lunch? 13. In 2010, President Barack Obama and Congress authorized a social insurance change bill in the United States. Two objectives of the bill were to give more Americans medical coverage (through sponsorships for lower-pay family units financed by charges on higher-pay families) and to decrease the expense of medicinal services (by means of different changes in how social insurance is given). 18. How do these objectives identify with uniformity and productivity? 19. By what means may human services change increment profitability in the United States? 2 0. By what means may human services change decline efficiency in the United States? 14. During the Revolutionary War, the American states couldn't raise enough expense income to completely subsidize the war exertion; to compensate for any shortfall, the provinces chose to print more cash. Printing cash to cover consumptions is once in a while alluded to as a â€Å"inflation tax.† Who do you believe is being â€Å"taxed† when more cash is printed? Why? 15. Envision that you are a policymaker attempting to conclude whether to lessen the pace of expansion. To settle on an astute choice, what might you have to think about expansion, joblessness, and the exchange off between them? 16. A policymaker is concluding how to fund the development of another air terminal. He can either pay for it by expanding citizens’ charges or by printing more cash. What are a portion of the short-run and since quite a while ago run outcomes of every alternative? Part 2 1. Draw a round stream outline. Distinguish the pieces of the model that relate to the progression of products and enterprises and the progression of dollars for every one of the accompanying exercises. 1. Selena pays a vendor $1 for a quart of milk. 2. Stuart procures $4.50 every hour working at a fastfood café. 3. Shanna burns through $30 to get a hair style. 4. Sally procures $10,000 from her 10 percent responsibility for Industrial. 2. Envision a general public that produces military products and shopper merchandise, which we’ll call â€Å"guns† and â€Å"butter.† 5. Draw a creation prospects boondocks for firearms and margarine. Utilizing the idea of chance expense, clarify why it in all probability has a bowed-out shape. 6. Show a point that is unthinkable for the economy to accomplish. Show a point that is possible yet wasteful. 7. Envision that the general public has two ideological groups, called the Hawks (who need a solid military) and the Doves (who need a littler military). Show a point on your creation prospects outskirts that the Hawks may pick and a point the Doves may pick. 8. Envision that a forceful neighboring nation diminishes the size of its military. Therefore, both the Hawks and the Doves decrease their ideal creation of weapons by a similar sum. Which gathering would get the greater â€Å"peace dividend,† estimated by the expansion in margarine creation? Clarify. 3. The primary standard of financial aspects talked about in Chapter 1 is that individuals face exchange offs. Utilize a creation prospects boondocks to represent society’s exchange off between two â€Å"goods†Ã¢â‚¬a clean condition and the amount of mechanical yield. What do you assume decides the shape and position of the wilderness? Show what befalls the outskirts if engineers build up another method of creating power that emanates less poisons. 4. An economy comprises of three laborers: Larry, Moe, and Curly. Every work ten hours per day and can deliver two administrations: cutting gardens and washing vehicles. In 60 minutes, Larry can either cut one garden or wash one vehicle; Moe can either cut one grass or wash two vehicles; and Curly can either cut two yards or wash one vehicle. 9. Figure the amount of each assistance is delivered under the accompanying conditions, which we mark A, B, C, and D: * †¢ All three invest all their energy cutting gardens. (A) * †¢ All three invest all their energy washing vehicles. (B) * †¢ All three invest a large portion of their energy in every action. (C) * †¢ Larry invests a large portion of his energy in every action, while Moe just washes vehicles and Curly just cuts yards. (D) 10. Diagram the creation prospects outskirts for this economy. Utilizing your responses to section (a), distinguish focuses A, B, C, and D on your diagram. 11. Clarify why the creation prospects boondocks has the shape it does. 12. Are any of the distributions determined to some extent (a) wasteful? Clarify. 5. Characterize the accompanying points as identifying with microeconomics or macroeconomics. 13. a family’s choice about how much pay to spare 14. the impact of government guidelines on auto outflows 15. the effect of higher national saving money on monetary development 16. a firm’s choice about what number of laborers to recruit 17. the connection between the swelling rate and changes in the amount of cash 6. Characterize every one of the accompanying explanations as positive or standardizing. Clarify. 18. Society faces a short-run exchange off among expansion and joblessness. 19. A decrease in the pace of cash development will lessen the pace of expansion. 20. The Federal Reserve ought to lessen the pace of cash development. 21. Society should require government assistance beneficiaries to search for employments. 22. Lower charge rates empower more work and all the more sparing. 7. In the event that you were president, OK be progressively keen on your financial advisers’ positive perspectives or their regulating sees? Why?

Shrm and Strategic Fit Essays

Shrm and Strategic Fit Essays Shrm and Strategic Fit Paper Shrm and Strategic Fit Paper Presentation ‘Strategic human asset the board (SHRM) is worried about the turn of events and execution of individuals techniques which are incorporated with corporate systems and guarantee that the way of life, qualities and structure of the association and the quality, inspiration and duty of its individuals contribute completely to the accomplishment of its goals’ Armstrong (1991, p. 81). While human asset the executives (HRM) centers around the potential and real gainful estimation of ‘human resources’ (HR) to an association achievement, SHRM takes an all the more since a long time ago show center to accentuating the need of HR plans and systems to be planned inside the structure of by and large authoritative techniques and goals, and to be receptive to the changing idea of the associations outside condition. The accentuation of SHRM is on vital mix, which is coordinating HRM methodologies to business technique. Allude to Appendix 1 for the qualities of SHRM. Figure 1: Strategic arrangement among HRM and its inner and outside condition. Source: Nankervis, Campton and Baird (2002, p. 41) ‘SHRM is a model of training, which like all models, require understanding and adjustment by HR professionals to guarantee the most appropriate arrangement or fit among HR and business procedures and plans’ Nankervis, Compton and Baird (2002, p. 42). Figure 1 above shows the vital arrangement of HRM and inward and outside condition. Allude to Appendix 2 for the purposes behind HR procedures. Figure 2: Gaining upper hand through SHRM Source: Fottler, Phillips, Blair and Duran (1990) Figure 2 gives a framework to deciding and concentrating on wanted results and foreseeing basic HRM activities required for fruitful usage of a company’s business procedure. This procedure stretch administration contemplating HR and impact choices influencing individuals. ‘The vital way to deal with HRM incorporates: ?Assessing the organization’s condition and mission ?Formulating the organization’s business methodology ?Assessing the HR necessities dependent on the planned procedure ? Looking at the present stock of HR regarding numbers, qualities, and HRM rehearses concerning the vital necessities of the association and its administrations or product offerings ? Figuring the HR procedure dependent on the contrasts between the new prerequisites and an evaluation of the present stock ? Executing the proper HR practices to fortify the system and accomplish serious advantage’ Fottler, Phillips, Blair and Duran (1990). Vital Staffing is characterized by Mondy and Noe (2005, p. ) as ‘the process through which an association guarantee that it generally has the best possible number of workers with the suitable abilities in the correct activity, at the ideal time, to accomplish the organization’s objectives’. There are various sorts of choices that must be made identifying with an association staffing prerequisites. Associations need to settle on supplanting existing staff, giving preparing to the staff, choosing individuals who can adjust to th e way of life of the association and proceeding and unavoidable change, advancing, moving, downgrading and discharging individuals from the workforce when settling on key staffing choices. Vital staffing is the way toward executing a strategy to make sure about the required ability through enrollment, choice, advancement and move. Vital staffing should be executed for associations to get the perfect individuals at the correct time for accomplishing the objectives and target of the association. Nankervis, Compton and Baird (2002, p. 79) expressed ‘HR arranging is to attempt to guarantee that authoritative targets are met through the viable use of the human asset of the association, considering changing conditions inside and outside specific organizations’. The staffing capacity envelops the usage of the HR arranging process. Methodologies like inner development make it fundamental for associations to settle on vital staffing choices. Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart and Wright (2006, p. 74) referenced ‘Growth necessitates that an organization continually recruit, move, and advance people, and venture into various markets may change the fundamental abilities that imminent representatives must have’. To increase an upper hand this makes is significant for associations to understand the staffing needs and make key setting up arrangements in arrangement with the authoritative systems. When staffing process is completed deliberately it guarantees supervisors that the organization’s HR would comprise not just of taught or talented workforce. Talented and instructed workforce can add to the successful and effective execution and efficiency of associations as this would assist associations with achieving an upper hand. Key execution the executives Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart and Wright (2006, p. 330) characterized execution the executives as ‘the process through which supervisors guarantee that representatives exercises and yields are consistent with the organization’s goals’. The point of execution the board is to build up a culture in which representatives assume liability for constant improvement of business forms and their own aptitudes and commitments. Execution the board is fundamental to increasing upper hand. Execution the executives have three sections, characterizing execution, estimating execution and taking care of back execution. Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart and Wright (2006, p. 330) expressed ‘performance the executives estimates execution through execution evaluations, which is the just a single technique for overseeing representative performance’. Execution the executives has come to incorporate considerably more than just examinations. ‘A significant pattern in execution the executives is that while worker evaluations are the core of execution the executives, associations are currently coordinating various firmly related capacities including remuneration, progression arranging and objective administration into the exhibition the board process’ Loucks (2007). This comprehensive methodology empowers HR experts to oversee ability and supporting key objectives to accomplish upper hand. The key reason for execution the executives joins representative exercises to hierarchical objectives and goals. Execution evaluations can be utilized to spur and improve execution of representatives. By recognizing interior qualities and shortcomings directors can concentrate on zones where there is requirement for development to make an association to be beneficial to accomplish the objectives and destinations. Anthony, Kacmar and Perrewe (2002, p. 355) referenced ‘a very much structured execution examination framework can urge people to cooperate as a group. On the off chance that this is a hierarchical objective, it must face a few difficulties in planning and executing such a system’. A powerful presentation the board can assist directors with implementing systems. Execution assessments will have more prominent effect on technique usage when evaluators make important differentiations among various degrees of execution. ‘In an exceptionally serious information based economy, execution the executives is having its spot in meeting rooms the nation over. Confronted with pressures including the maturing workforce and abilities deficiency, officials are getting increasingly associated with the presentation the board procedure as they understand that professional execution the executives methodologies can assist them with improving outcomes for the company’ Loucks (2007). As Loucks referenced the key significance of execution the executives are mounting. There is requirement for associations to follow frameworks that evoke work execution that is reliable with the organization’s objectives and techniques as it encourages organizations to increase upper hand. Vital human asset improvement (SHRD) Noe (2005, p. 45) characterizes vital preparing and advancement as ‘learning-related exercises that an organization should take to help accomplish its business strategy’. SHRD is tied in with improving and augmenting the aptitudes of workers via preparing and improvement, by helping individuals to develop inside the association, and by permitting them to utilize their aptitudes and capacities to achieve the key objectives and targets. The Figure 3 beneath is a model that shows the procedures of vital arranging that start by recognizing business system. Next, key preparing and advancement activities that help the methodology are chosen. Deciphering these vital preparing and advancement activities into real preparing and improvement exercises is the subsequent stage of the procedure. The last advance includes the recognizing of measures used to decide whether preparing added to objectives identified with business system. Figure 3: The key preparing and improvement process Source: Noe (2005, p. 43) The vital preparing and advancement activities depend on the business condition, a comprehension of the company’s objectives and assets, an understanding of potential preparing and improvement choices. Noe (2005, p. 45) referenced ‘strategic preparing and improvement activities furnish the organization with guide to direct explicit preparing and advancement exercises. They additionally show how the preparation capacity will enable the organization to arrive at its objectives (and in doing as such, show how the preparation capacity will include value)’. Allude to Appendix 3 for the key preparing and improvement activities and their suggestions. SHRD’s center is first around the strateg

Is It Bad to Mention Another College in a College Essay?

<h1>Is It Bad to Mention Another College in a College Essay?</h1><p>The least complex approach to get saw is to make reference to another school in a school paper. School confirmations officials need to perceive the amount you have picked up during your advanced degree, and they will focus on what you have realized in another instructive program. As it were, the idea of another school can be a successful methods for getting saw by a school confirmations official. Schools don't direct a 'visually impaired' application, so referencing another school in a school paper will at present give the school a thought of your potential.</p><p></p><p>Also, referencing another school in a school article shows that you paid attention to the entirety of your courses and submitted yourself completely to your instruction. School confirmations officials don't get some information about things like whether you read the course reading, or what number of pages you read. You should persuade the school that you are a genuine understudy, with solid evaluations and exhibited capacity in different classes.</p><p></p><p>Finally, referencing another school in a school exposition shows that you are endeavoring to make progress at each level. Universities have faith in understudies who are not kidding about their instruction, and they need to see a critical degree of execution with respect to the understudy. Obviously, this doesn't imply that you should try referencing the other school in your school article, yet on the off chance that you truly need to intrigue the school affirmations official, it is acceptable to specify a couple names.</p><p></p><p>An significant piece of making a positive impact on the school confirmations official is demonstrating that you are committed and genuine about your investigations. Universities additionally acknowledge understudies who endeavor to exceed expectations at e ach degree of their examinations. School affirmations officials are regularly hesitant to acknowledge a candidate due to a GPA or other evaluation point normal that has all the earmarks of being extremely low. In the event that you are applying to more than one school, you can show that you are not kidding about each school by exhibiting that you are devoted to your training and learning.</p><p></p><p>Furthermore, in the event that you are thinking about another school, you can frequently increase an edge over your opposition in the event that you notice the other school in your school article. Numerous universities won't be totally open to tolerating understudies from a school that is over four years away. Regardless of whether you are acknowledged into a school that is under four years away, in the event that you realize that you will go to the school, it might be useful to make reference to the next school in your school essay.</p><p></p> <p>When composing an exposition on school confirmation, school affirmations officials regularly request different papers. You ought to compose a paper on every school and afterward present those articles to various universities. The entirety of the universities will need to see very similar things: a high GPA, magnificent SAT or ACT scores, commendable evaluations in English and arithmetic, and a strong history of your school studies.</p><p></p><p>For numerous school candidates, just composing an elegantly composed school article is an activity in self-assessment. Notwithstanding, it is fundamental that you settle on your own confirmation choice, and that you show that you are eager to make a solid effort to make progress at each degree of your education.</p>

What Student Samples Can Teach You About Creating an Essay

<h1>What Student Samples Can Teach You About Creating an Essay</h1><p>There are numerous sorts of paper models that you can use for your own article composing, yet the truth of the matter is that you just have five sections to make up and keep straight. Indeed, it is significantly simpler to make a five section exposition than it is to think of one. You should have the option to separate your sentences into simple pieces. By separating your composition into basic advances you will figure out how to make extraordinary paper models that you can utilize in your own essays.</p><p></p><p>When making a five section exposition, you need to begin with a presentation. The presentation ought to be the primary passage. This passage will convey the peruser's consideration. You can incorporate some data about yourself just as some data about your theme. It is this passage, where you will be permitted to get inventive and expound on what you need to state about your topic.</p><p></p><p>The second section of your five section article ought to be an end. This passage will express your perspective, the explanation behind composing your paper, and what you might want the peruser to think about your paper. Obviously, your primary concentration now isn't on building up your proposal explanation. This piece of your exposition will fill in as the snare for your paper. A decent tip for making the snare for your article is to take a most loved statement from an individual or a book and compose a short, three to four line statement to commend the fundamental proposal articulation in your essay.</p><p></p><p>The third passage of your five section exposition ought to be a rundown. The outline will express the primary concerns of your article. You will utilize this section to make the rundown of your paper. You will give more data about your point and why you are composing the paper. This is the plac e you can develop the postulation explanation you have just settled in the introduction.</p><p></p><p>The fourth passage of your five section exposition ought to be a framework. The framework will present the segments of your paper and the end you are composing. You can likewise expound on the substance of the paper as you diagram the material you need to talk about in each section.</p><p></p><p>Finally, the fifth passage of your five passage exposition ought to be a presentation. This passage will state who the essayist is and why they are composing the paper. You would then be able to connect the remainder of the paper to your primary proposal explanation in the presentation. In any case, you should include a decent arrangement of data all alone. All things considered, it is the primary objective of your paper to enlighten the peruser something fascinating concerning your topic.</p><p></p><p>These five passage s can be utilized for understudies tests, exposition tests, or educational papers. The key is to follow the five passages completely to make a decent article. By following the layout you can start to build up the best structure for your essay.</p><p></p><p>You can likewise utilize the five-passage models that are given by most composing reading material to assist you with setting up your own theory explanation for your article. When you have done this, you will have the option to compose a five passage article that will experience no difficulty getting your paper published.</p>

Topics For An Essay About Disabled

<h1>Topics For An Essay About Disabled</h1><p>You can utilize a variety of subjects for an article about handicapped. There are such a significant number of various types of this point, just as such a large number of better places to get them.</p><p></p><p>The article you will compose will figure out what the degree of the evaluations you get will be. Once in a while this is a hard point to compose in light of the fact that you feel that you can't generally be objective and simply state what you think. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that you are a magnificent author, at that point you can even now utilize a paper subject that you know is valid. It won't make it simpler for you, yet you will have no issue getting what you need out of the subject.</p><p></p><p>The best article point about incapacity is one that examines what life has been similar to for you. By discussing your own encounters with incapacity you can g et a comprehension of what it resembles to be incapacitated. What do you recall of your life preceding getting crippled? What sort of conditions did you need to live in before you could deal with your incapacity? These inquiries can be replied in a couple of sentences with a touch of research.</p><p></p><p>Many individuals have a considerable rundown of various types of incapacities that they have lived with. Individuals may decide to make statements like, 'I am handicapped, since I have been to numerous doctors'Because I am crippled, my folks didn't make me proud'. Regardless of whether you never had a handicap, you can at present have a discussion with your author about what makes you tick.</p><p></p><p>Writing a theme on inability can be troublesome. In the event that you don't feel great with the point, it's alright to not utilize it. Truth be told, you can pick an alternate theme and fill it in later. It can even assistance you in the event that you don't think you are directly for the topic.</p><p></p><p>Nowadays you can discover numerous assets for composing on a subject. There are online administrations that offer such themes, so you can compose on the Internet. Be that as it may, you don't need to stress over paying for a support of do it for you. The expense of this administration will be a little charge. You can likewise employ the administrations of independent journalists that will present their articles to destinations like Craigslist and Elance for a fee.</p><p></p><p>There are a wide range of points to look over, and on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea where to begin you can generally check various different sites. From that point you can discover your subject and work on it while you trust that your article will be completed.</p>

What is the Difference Between Term Papers and Original Papers?

What is the Difference Between Term Papers and Original Papers?Original term papers are those term papers that you will be required to fill in when you apply for a particular course, or you have already started to study for a particular course. These papers should always be carefully written as the admissions committee will very often need to see previous work. Some universities and colleges make the original term papers available to the applicants.It is often the case that some applications contain questions that ask about previous writing ability. Sometimes the students themselves have been asked about their term paper writing style. Therefore, as a form of essay test it is worth taking the time to write an original term paper.Original term papers are very different from other term papers. In most cases, they contain essays on different topics. Most college essays are based on personal experiences, while term papers are usually based on the arguments in the course outline. There ar e some college courses where there is a problem of inter-disciplinary writing, so it is worth spending some time thinking about how to write an original term paper that can satisfy the requirements of a particular course.There are many reasons why term papers are considered to be original and therefore worth having original term papers. Many universities require original term papers, and if you do not write them, you are unlikely to get into that particular course. This is a very serious consideration, because it can often be the difference between getting into a university or not.Some schools also use term papers to gauge whether or not students can handle a particular course. If you think you cannot handle a course, it is more important to write a paper than if you think you can. However, there are also many different papers that can be applied to any course.When writing original term papers, it is often best to start off with a topic that is more particular to the course than the average essays. This way, it will be easier to fit the details of the term paper into the space available. The easiest way to write an original term paper is to have a theme that you can use throughout the paper. This theme could be anything from sports to travel to history.When writing original term papers, it is often best to start off with a topic that is more particular to the course than the average essays. This way, it will be easier to fit the details of the term paper into the space available. The easiest way to write an original term paper is to have a theme that you can use throughout the paper.While writing original term papers is not always easy, the rewards can be great. It is one of the only ways that you can really tell whether or not you have what it takes to succeed in college. Therefore, it is worth spending a little time to write one of these papers.

Religion And The Crusades - Free Essay Example

The Beginning of the Crusades Turks from Central Asia began to challenge the Byzantine Empire in the 11th century. The sultans, their leaders, had the goal of acquiring more territory and being seen as a legitimate force in the Middle East. The Turks were seasoned mercenaries, highly skilled in battle and fiercely dedicated to Allah. As they pressed west into Anatolia and then south, they took over Jerusalem and the Holy Land. They were militant Islamists and would not permit Christians to visit the Holy Land or Jerusalem, foundational locations for Christianity. Greek Emperor Comnenus took notice of the rapidly advancing Turks and was concerned that he, too, would be invaded. He conferred with Pope Urban II, who was regarded as a rival, and asked for help in the form of an army. Pope Urban II called a meeting of hundreds of clergymen, aristocracy and rulers to discuss this, and other, issues. During that council in Clermont, France, it was decided that they would form an army to retake Jerusalem. This was to be a Holy War to reclaim Christian control of the lands taken by the zealous Turks, a crusade. As an incentive, the Pope guaranteed that anyone who gave his life in battle would go directly to Heaven. The Support of the Roman Catholic Church What began as a righteous crusade to reclaim the Holy Land, everyone had their own agendas. Pope Urban II had ambitious desires to convert the Eastern Orthodox Christians in the Middle East to Roman Catholicism and have a united Christian church under his leadership. With each new crusade, it seemed that the driving factor strayed further and further from religion and closer to the acquisition of land and accumulation of wealth. The Roman Catholic Church organized and helped fund the early crusades; not only against Muslims, but also against pagans, Jews and even Christian sects that went against the authority of the Catholic chur ch. The Crusaders were brutal and slaughtered men, women, and children as they conquered all while wearing the cross, a sign of Christianity, and claiming to crusade in the name of God. With the success of the crusades came wealth to the church, more converts meant more taxes and greater authority. The support of the church for the Crusades diminished in the later campaigns which were less important to the churchs interests. However, even with an end to the crusades, the office of the Pope grew to be powerful and wield far-reaching authority. (Crusades. 2010.) Islamic Expansion The Umayyad Dynasty and the Abbasid Dynasty ruled and expanded Islamic territory in very different ways. The Umayyad Dynasty, founded by Muawiya of the Umayya clan, preferred bribery, treachery and negotiation over physical combat to acquire new territory. Arab-born Muslims were given preference over non-Arab Muslims. They had an organized, central administration from which efficient battle campaigns were organized, when necessary. Their senior positions in the army were all loyal, Arab-Muslims; non-Arab Muslims were welcome to join and fight in the army, but could not hold high-ranking positions. Not only were other religions not treated justly, even other Muslims experienced persecution if they were not Arab. In contrast, the Abbasid Dynasty would expand through a government of tolerance and piety. Their soldiers were primarily non-Arab Muslims and even those who were not Muslim at all were given the opportunity to hold office. Their extended trade routes, diplomatic relations with neighboring territories and social justice were attractive to people from many places. People wanted to live there. The empire grew as a result of an efficient, structured government, commitment to social justice, diversity in trade, innovation as a result of intercultural exposure, and policy of largely leaving other cities alone as long as they paid taxes and remained non-violent. The Silk Road and The Spreading of Disease The Silk Road was a vast network of trade routes that were interconnected throughout North Africa, Europe and Asia. Along these routes travelers could find places to rest, markets for commerce, food / drink, cultural exchanges, and technology. As people traveled great distances, so did their native diseases and illnesses. The spreading of the Bubonic (Black) Plague is a great example of this. It is believed that the Bubonic Plague originated in South China and was carried to North China by Mongols and Chinese travelers. From there, travelers had access to the Silk Road. Carried by fleas which then infect rats and other animals, including humans, the pathogen that causes The Plague was spread by land and by sea from sparsely populated, rural areas to larger, urban areas. It could be carried by fleas in bags of grain, fleas in clothing or bedding or by direct contact with already infected humans or rodents. (Acrobatiq. 2017.) The social impact of the Bubonic Plague and the spread of other diseases was huge. Commerce and travel came to a screeching halt for fear of further spreading the deadly disease. Schools and churches were closed and houses were boarded up. Millions of people died, creating a devastating loss of workers and a great reduction of demand for products that were supporting the economies of large cities. Prices of many products toppled along with the level of demand. Hiring laborers became very expensive since there were so few and could demand higher wages. The deaths of political leaders and influencers caused upheaval and resulted in changes in governments. Innovation stagnated for many years as cities struggled to recover. The Plague created devastation that was evidenced across Europe, Asia and Africa for centuries. References Acrobatiq. (2017). Survey of world history. Retrieved from https://wgu-nx.acrobatiq.com/courseware/wgu_C375_01Jun17_world_history_1/u3_600_ce_1500_ce/europe/p2a_historical_early_europe History.com Staff. (2010). Crusades. Retrieved July 27, 2018 from https://www.history.com/topics/crusades Wikipedia contributors. (2018, July 27). Silk Road. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:32, July 28, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silk_Roadoldid=852266762 Map of Routes of First Crusade [Digital image]. Retrieved July 27, 2018, from https://crusades-medieval.blogspot.com/2010/04/map-of-routes-of-first-crusade.html